Apiculture in Bangladesh: scientific insights and transformation towards modern beekeeping

Abstract: Apiculture is one of the predominant sub-sectors of agriculture in Bangladesh, playing a vital role in crop production and ecological balance through pollination services. Despite its growing significance, there is a lack of systematic documentation and analytical assessment of advancements, challenges, and prospects in this sector, which hinders long-term development. This study aims to compile existing information, evaluate recent progress, and identify challenges in beekeeping practices in Bangladesh. In 1977, the Bangladesh Small and Cottage Industries Corporation (BSCIC) initiated scientific beekeeping and achieved success with Apis cerana. In 1990, Apis mellifera was introduced from India by two beekeepers, and in 1996, BSCIC successfully managed A. mellifera colonies. The major natural honey-producing regions are the Sundarbans mangrove forest, Chittagong Hill Tracts, and Madhupur Tract. About 75% of honey is produced in the Sundarbans by Apis dorsata. However, A. mellifera is highly valued for pollination due to its ability to carry heavier pollen, its docile nature, and its higher honey yield compared to A. cerana. Currently, around 25,000 beekeepers produce approximately 10,000 metric tons of honey annually, against a national demand of 30,000 metric tons. With better utilization of natural resources, it is estimated that 100,000 metric tons of honey could be produced each year, creating significant income and employment for rural youth. Key bee forage crops include litchi, coconut, tobacco, coriander, onion, mustard, sunflower, and sesame. Apiculture has vast potential, requiring minimal investment and labor, which is accessible to men, women and young people with the help of training, f inancial support and technical assistance. 

Keywords: Apiculture, Apis mellifera, beekeepers, honey, pollination.