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ABSTRACT: A biofloc is a composite collection of living and dead particle organic matter, bacteria, and phytoplankton. Biofloc technology uses a zero water exchange system to improve water quality by adjusting the C/N ratio to transform harmful nitrogenous wastes into beneficial microbial proteins. It may serve as a comprehensive supply of nourishment for aquatic species, as well as some bioactive substances that will improve growth, survival, and defensive mechanisms. It also represents a novel method for managing animal health in aquaculture by enhancing innate immune systems. The floc biomass offers a complete supply of nutrition along with a number of bioactive substances that are beneficial for raising the welfare indices for all aquatic creatures. Natural probiotics and immunostimulants, such as organic acids, polyhydroxy acetate, and polyhydroxy butyrate, are produced by the beneficial microbial bacterial floc and its derivatives. The method helps keep water quality parameters at their ideal levels in a zero water exchange system, preventing eutrophication and effluent discharge into the environment. The method may also help ensure biosecurity because there is no water exchange other than sludge removal. The technology is socially and environmentally acceptable as well as economically viable.
Keywords: Biofloc technology, organic carbon, C/N ratio, and non-specific immunity
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