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ABSTRACT: Drought is a severe environmental constraint to plant productivity. The objective of this review paper is to understand the effects of drought stress on the growth, physiological process and development of crop plants. This paper also describes the morphological and physico-chemical basis of drought tolerance of plants. Drought stress regulates water relation, nutrients uptake, photosynthesis, respiration and other physiological processes of plants. Severe and prolonged drought even causes death to plants. Being very complex, the drought tolerance mechanism involves a number of morphological, physiological and biochemical processes at cell, tissue, organ and whole-plant levels, when activated at different stages of plant development. While the plant is under drought, escape and avoidance, phenotypic flexibility, cell and tissue water conservation, antioxidant defense, had plant growth regulators are some of the important morphological and physiological mechanisms involved for survival of crop plants. Further, development of tolerant variety and agronomic manipulation can also be effective tools for drought management under field condition.
Keywords: Climate change, crop growth, photosynthesis, transpiration
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