Uniting Life, Social, and Natural Sciences in Ecological Exploration
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Abstract: This research was conducted in experimental field at University of Rajshahi during March 15, 2019 to June 14, 2019 to investigate the efficacy of aquous extracts of tweleve botanicals for insect pest management in amaranth (Amaranthus viridis L.) field and phytochemicals of the potent extracts. Green Callaloo amaranth (locally called Kathua danta) was used as a test crop for the experiment. During this study, a less number of insect pest attack on amaranth leaves was observed in Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) leaves extract treatment, whereas a higher number of insect pests were found in the Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus obliqua) leaves extract treatment. Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) treatment promoted about 1.37 times better performance than that of control treatment. The extract of Jackfruit leaves showed the best performance against amaranth leaves perforation caused by insect pests, whereas a high number of amaranth leaves perforation by pests were found in the control treatment. Jackfruit leaves treatment showed the best performance on plant height of amaranth and the lowest height of amaranth plant was found in Turmeric (Curcuma longa) leaves. Jackfruit leaves treatment induced about 1.42 times better plant growth than that of control treatment. The treatment of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) also produced the highest yield of Amaranth, whereas the lowest amaranth yield was found in turmeric (Curcuma longa) leaves. The yield of amaranth in jackfruit treatment was 138.79% higher over the control treatment. Therefore, Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) leaves extract can be used as bio-pesticide for the control treatment of insect pests in amaranth field.The presence of phyto-chemicals like alkaloids, tannin, anthraquinone, saponin and terpenoids in jackfruit leaves might be responsible for the pest control in amaranth field .
Keywords: Amaranth, pest, botanicals, efficacy, jackfruit leaves
Post Time: 2 years ago
ABSTRACT: The present study was conducted during October 2019 to April 2020 in the farm of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur to find out the most effective management option(s) against brinjal shoot and fruit borer with 6 treatments namely Phytoclean (40% Potassium salt of fatty acid) @3 ml l-1, Fytomax PM (0.1% Azadirachtin) @5 ml l-1, Tracer 45 SC (Spinosad) @0.4 ml l-1, Biomax 1.2 EC (Abamectin) @1 ml l-1 of water, Neem Seed Extract (Azadirachtin) @ 50 g l-1 and untreated control. Results revealed that shoot infestation at pre-fruiting stage was the lowest in Fytomax PM (3.6%) and at fruiting stage in Tracer 45 SC treated plot (6.2%) and the lowest fruit infestation was obtained with Tracer 45 SC (6.7% n/n and 8.5% w/w) followed by Phytoclean (21.7% n/n and 16.8% w/w). All the treatments were bio-rational with the beneficial arthropods like lady bird beetle, syrphid fly, black ant and spider’s presence on field during entire season. The significant highest marketable yield (32.9 t ha-1) and Marginal benefit cost ratio (MBCR) (4.0) was found in the plot treated with Tracer 45 SC followed by Phytoclean treated plot.
Keywords: Abamectin, azadirachtin, biopesticide, Leucinodes orbonalis, neem, spinosad
Post Time: 2 years ago
Abstract: The study was undertaken at Savar Goat Development Farm from January 2019 to December 2019 to characterize black Bengal goat (BBG) of different ages from three months to more than 12 months old of both sexes under farming conditions. Body length was higher in males (34.1, 41.6 and 49.1 cm) than that of females (29.7, 37.2 and 45.8 cm) for age groups 3-6, 6-12 and >12 months of age, respectively. Male goats had higher heart girth (40.8, 51.9 and 55.4 cm) than female goats (39.6, 48.6 and 53.3 cm) irrespective of age. The average (>12 months age) body weight of adult male and female goats was 16.0 and 13.5 kg, respectively. Wither height was higher in adult males (36.1, 46.6 and 52.9 cm) than females (34.7, 42.8 and 49.3 cm) for the same age. The tail length of BBG ranged from 7.45 to 10.4 cm for different age and sex groups. Average male foreleg length in >12 months of age possessed higher than that of female. The average udder length of BBGs were 6.9, 8.5 and 11.6 cm and breadth were 4.3, 6.6 and 8.0 cm, respectively for age groups 3-6, 6-12 and >12 months of age. The average scrotal length of black Bengal bucks at 3-6, 6-12 and more than 12 months were 5.8, 9.3 and 11.2 cm, respectively. It was concluded that body weight has a positive correlation with body length, heart girth, wither height, scrotal length and circumference, and all the parameters were comparatively higher in buck than in do, and it increased linearly with increasing ages.
Keywords: Black Bengal goat, body length, heart girth, wither height, scrotal length and circumference
Post Time: 2 years ago
ABSTRACT: The efficacy of insecticidal activities of eucalyptus plant extracts was evaluated against lesser grain borer. Four doses viz. 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% along with control were applied. All tested extracts showed significant efficiency against lesser grain borer with respect to adult mortality, residual and repellency test but stem extracts was the most effective. Adult’s mortality was increased proportionally with the increased time intervals and the toxicity was dose dependent. The stem extracts showed the highest toxic effect (mortality 40.3%) whereas leaf extract showed the lowest toxic effect (mortality, 17.4%). In case of residual study, the highest number of adult emergence was recorded in control (100.0) whereas the lowest (45.5) was in stem extracts. Similarly, the highest infestation inhibition (69.9%) was found in stem extract. Among three plant parts of eucalyotus, stem extract showed the highest repellent effect (74.6%), whereas leaf extract showed the lowest effect (59.3%). On the basis of LD50 values, the stem extract also showed the highest toxic effects. The results suggested the ability of plant extracts for store grains protection as a safe alternative to insecticides.
Keywords: Lesser grain borer, repellent, mortality, plant extract
Post Time: 2 years ago
ABSTRACT: Citrus biodiversity is decreasing day by day although citrus is a major fruit crop in Sylhet region. Hence, a study was conducted at Sreemangal upazila of Moulvibazar district during September 2015 to June 2016 to determine the biodiversity of citrus species and intercrops in citrus orchard. Data were collected from three villages of Sreemangal upazila through face to face interview of 60 respondents and field observation. Eighty percent respondents opined that acid lime was the dominant citrus species followed by zinger lime (75%). But field observation indicated that 100% farmers were cultivating elachilebu followed by zinger lime (75%) and acid lime (45%). High diversity (H’= 0.85) of citrus species was observed ranging from 0.80 (Bisamoni) to 0.93 (Doluchara). Total 25 kinds of annual and perennial fruits, vegetables, spices, timbers and ornamental plants were intercropped in citrus orchard, among which chili was the highest (58.33%) followed by papaya (50%) and banana (40%). About 82% farmers opined that the availability of lemon was the highest. Rough lemon (66.67%) was the highest as rarely cultivated species followed by Orange (55%). Lemon (21.67%) was the highest risk as endangered citrus followed by Sweet lime (20%). Lime (31.67%) was the highest as critically endangered position. Citrus leaf miner was the most serious problem as opined by 34.67% respondents which was also observed in the field. Die back, citrus canker and sunburn were the highest disease infestation as opined by 20% of the respondents while field observation noticed that 30% citrus orchards were affected by canker. Disease and insect pests were the major problems causing genetic erosion of citrus. Training should be provided to the farmers on citrus orchard management and importance of citrus biodiversity by GO and NGOs to conserve citrus biodiversity at the farm level.
Keywords: Biodiversity, citrus, conservation, genetic erosion, intercrop
Post Time: 2 years ago
ABSTRACT: The study was aimed to investigate the pathology of lung diseases of cattle in Gazipur district during November 2017 to August 2018. A total of 50 cattle lung samples were collected from slaughterhouse of Gazipur City Corporation. Histopathological samples were collected in 10% buffered formalin and bacterial samples were collected in nutrient broth. All the samples were transported to the laboratory at the Department of Pathobiology, Bangabandhu sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agriculture University, Gazipur. Different agars and stains were used for the isolation and identification of the bacteria. The overall prevalence of bacteria in abnormal and apparently healthy cattle lungs were 80.0%. The prevalence were Pasteurella multocida 66.7%, Escherichia coli 93.3%, Staphylococcus aureus 80.0% and Klebseilla pneumonia 33.3%, whereas the average of the cultural prevalence was 67.3%. On the blood agar, the presumptive P. multocida produced small colonies. The isolated of E. coli was shown greenish metallic sheen colonies on EMB agar. Colonies of Staphylococcus aureus were surrounded by zones of clear beta-hemolysis with golden appearance. On EMB agar Klebseilla pneumonia was produced pink color colonies without metallic sheen.
Keywords: Pathology, lung, disease, cattle, Gazipur
Post Time: 2 years ago
ABSTRACT: The connection between lives and water is well-known where rain is the important source of water for the plants and animals on earth. However, excessive rainfall raises water level and sometimes results serious floods, flash floods, river/sea flooding etc. In this regard, efficient planning considering characteristics of heavy rainfall is essential to protect lives. This article intended to determine the best-fit probability distributions of annual maximum rainfall from eight flood prone areas in Bangladesh. Consequently, the Lognormal, Generalized extreme value distribution and Inverse-Gaussian distribution were considered and maximum likelihood methods was utilizing to estimate model parameters. The power of the fitted model assessed through some goodness of fit test such as KolmogorovSmirnov statistic, Cramér–von Mises criterion and Anderson-Darling statistic. Furthermore, some of the graphical measures such as QQ plot, PP plot and density plots examined the competence of fitted model. The lognormal and Inverse-Gaussian distribution had similar inference, resulted best fitted distribution for almost all station. The return levels of 10-year, 20-year, 50-year and 100-year return period estimated from the best fitted models of this study were essential measures in applied point of view. Hence, protective measures for higher return levels areas may save from the adverse loss of agriculture, ecosystems, bio diversities and livelihood.
Keywords: Return level, probability distribution, GEV, trend, flood
Post Time: 2 years ago
ABSTRACT: The study was conducted with seventy germplasms of chili to find out suitable germplasm against aphid infestation. The screening of chili germplasm was done based on percentage of leaf infestation and incidence of aphid. The lowest level of leaf infestation was found in the germplasms AHM 219 (3.02%), AHM 223 (3.23%), IAH 156 (4.09%), RT 30 (4.86%), IAH 165 (4.92%) and AHM 141(5.18%) and less incidence of aphid was found in the germplasms AHM 223 (2.48), IAH 156 (2.65), IAH 165 (2.65), AHM 219 (3.15), AHM 141 (3.32), AH 65 (3.90), RT 28(2) (4.48), IAH 162 (4.57), IAH 164 (4.82) and RT 30 (4.82). Therefore, these germplasms were considered as comparatively tolerant among the studied plant materials.
Keywords: Capsicum sp., germplasm, Myzus persicae
Post Time: 2 years ago
ABSTRACT: The study investigated the insect pest management practices of summer vegetables and profitability of the practices in Sirajgonj district of Bangladesh through survey among the growers. In total fifteen groups of insect under 7 orders attacked 5 vegetable crops in the study area. Among the status groups, a total of 9 were found as major and 6 as minor groups. Chemical control, physical and hand picking, integrated pest management (IPM), field cleaning, botanical pesticide, biological control, twig or leaf cutting, crop rotation, mulching and intercropping methods were practiced to manage insect pests. Farmers apply tactics dealing with other farmers, agricultural dealers, agricultural extension officers or obtaining ideas from agricultural fair and demonstration also with their experience. The findings showed that the highest total return was obtained from the bitter gourd (532170 Taka/ha) and lowest in okra (374250 Taka/ha). Variable and total cost bases benefit cost ratios (BCR) were the highest in brinjal (2.7 and 2.4, respectively) and the lowest in okra (2.5 and 2.1, respectively). Among five vegetable crops, brinjal was more profitable in terms of gross margin, net return and benefit cost ratio compared to other summer vegetables.
Keywords: Summer vegetables, insect, management practices, cost return
Post Time: 2 years ago
ABSTRACT: Investigations on the screening of twelve brinjal germplasms namely, BD 7320, BD 7328, BD 9952, BD 10154, BD 10158, BARI Begun 1, BARI Begun 4, BARI Begun 5, BARI Begun 6, BARI Begun 7, BARI Begun 8 and BARI Begun 9 were conducted against shoot and fruit borer at the experimental plots of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh. The abundance and infestation of the shoot and fruit borer as well as its effect on the reproductive performance of the germplasms were studied. Infestation levels of the shoot and fruit borer on the germplasms differed significantly with different date of the season. The abundance of shoot and fruit borer larvae in the fruits of the germplasms varied significantly and the germplasms BD 9952, BARI Begun 6 and BARI Begun 4 showed statistically similar and the lowest result. BARI Begun 6 depicted the lowest level of infestation compared to other germplasms. Considering the infestation level, the germplasms BD 9952 and BARI Begun 6 were categorized as resistant. The studied germplasms showed variations in the duration of the reproductive growth stages, yield contributing characters of the fruits, yield and seed weight. The germplasm BD 7320 showed the shortest durations for maturity of fruits for marketing and seed production. The largest fruit, the highest yield and seed weight were found from the germplasms BARI Begun 6, BD 9952 and BARI Begun 4, respectively.
Keywords: Abundance, infestation, Solanum melongena, Leucinodes orbonalis, yield
Post Time: 2 years ago
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