Uniting Life, Social, and Natural Sciences in Ecological Exploration
Bridging Borders: International Research, Local Impact
Beyond Theory: Practical Insights and Technical Advancements
Synthesizing Knowledge, Pioneering Tomorrow's Solutions
Strengthening Research Integrity, Fostering Collaboration
ABSTRACT: Shifting cultivation with sowing buckwheat seed immediately after burning, when the ash on the soil is still hot, is widely practiced in Kyushu mountains, Japan. This study was conducted to investigate the benefit of seed sowing immediately after burning under well-irrigated and drought conditions on buckwheat. The seeds were heat-treated and allowed to grow under well-irrigated and drought condition. Plant height and leaf number of the plants, and physiological parameters were measured. Under drought stress condition, stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate of the buckwheat plants with heat treatment were increased compared to those of the plants without heat treatment, though those under well-irrigated or light drought stress conditions were not changed. The plant with heat treatment to seed opened its stomata and maintained a high photosynthetic rate even under drought stress condition. Heat treatment to seed did not change plant height and leaf number noticeably. Therefore, in shifting cultivation, where buckwheat is often exposed to drought stress, seed sowing immediately after burning might be effective in maintaining plant growth.
Keywords: Cross protection, drought stress, heat stress, photosynthetic rate, slash and burn cultivation, stomatal conductance
Post Time: 2 years ago
ABSTRACT: The study was conducted during November 2019 to March 2020 in the field and laboratory of the Department of Entomology of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur to find out the taxonomic position, pest status and seasonal abundance with richness and biodiversity of insect pests on cabbage. Among the seven arthropod pest’s species, four were lepidopteran, two were coleopteran and only one was dipteran pests. According to the rate of plant infestation, flea beetles (100.0%), prodania caterpillar (33.3%) and diamondback moth (33.3%) were categorized as major pests whereas epilachna beetle, leaf miner, cut worm and cabbage worm were categorized as minor pests having percent plant infestation of 16.7%, 11.1%, 1.9% and 1.6%, respectively. The average population density of different arthropod pest of cabbage per plot (3m × 2m) in 7 observations was 0.14, 1.85, 2.00, 0.00, 0.71, 6.71, 9.85 for cutworm, epilachna beetle, flea beetle, leaf miner, cabbage looper, prodania caterpillar and diamondback moth (DBM), respectively. The abundance of insect pests was the maximum during the 3rd week of February (5.3±0.4 per 6m2 ), the richness was the maximum (1.3±0.1) during the 3rd week of January, whereas the diversity was the maximum (1.0±0.0) during the 1st week of December and the 3rd week of January.
Keywords: Diamondback moth, prodania caterpillar, flea beetle, diversity, richness
Post Time: 2 years ago
ABSTRACT: A case study was conducted in four districts viz., Rajshahi, Noagaon, Chapainawabganj and Natore under Barind areas of Bangladesh through pre-tested questionnaire survey among the target farmers, i.e. 30 maize cultivating farmers per district to gather information on their existing socio-economic aspects as well as their opinion on agronomic and pest management practices in maize cultivation. Most of the farmers are middle to old aged (46.67% and 33.33%, respectively) with primary to secondary level of education (50.83% and 33.33%, respectively), small to medium farm size (18.33% and 55.83%, respectively), small to medium family size (59.17% and 37.50%, respectively) with good farming experiences and medium to high level of annual income. Maize-T. Aman rice was the major cropping pattern (71.67%), followed by Maize-Jute (14.17%) and Maize-Black gram (9.17%). Around 90.00% of the farmers cultivated hybrid maize following line sowing (88.33%) using mechanical tillage practices (97.50%) and chemical fertilizers (57.50%). There were irrigation facilities for maize cultivation using ground water by deep and shallow tube wells. Mechanical weeding was the most common weed management strategy corresponded to 61.67% of the farmers. Chemical insecticides were used by 62.50% respondents, followed by the application of IPM and botanical insecticides (20.00% and 13.33%, respectively). For disease control, 62.50% respondents adopted no management practice. The survey conclusively showed that still now IPM is not a popular pest management option over chemical control in Barind areas.
Keywords: Barind tract, cropping pattern, cropping systems, pesticide use pattern, survey
Post Time: 2 years ago
ABSTRACT: Shifting cultivation, popularly known as jhum farming is the dominant crop production system that the resourcepoor upland farmers have been practicing in the Chattogram Hill Tracts (CHT) of Bangladesh and mountainous areas in Southeast Asia over centuries. Upland rice is the major component of shifting cultivation. Farmers plant landraces of upland rice usually applying no or low rates fertilizers resulting in poor yield. In view of shifting cultivators’ dependence on rice production for household food security the increase in grain yield of upland rice under shifting cultivation is imperative. We evaluated the yield response of two upland rice landraces – Gunda and Maemonsing in shifting cultivation conducting on-farm participatory trials applying medium (40:10:20 kg NPK ha1 ) and high (80:20:40 kg NPK ha-1) fertilizer rates along with fertilizer placements. We also estimated greenhouse gas emissions based on Cool Farm Tool Beta-3. Grain yield varied between 193 to 420 kg ha-1 in Gunda, and between 366 and 3,877 kg ha-1 in Maemonsing across farmers’ plots and fertilizer rates. Rice grain yield increased progressively with fertilizer application in both the landraces, though the two landraces Gunda and Maemonsing differed a little in grain yields across fertilizer rates. Variation in yield due to fertilizer application was statistically significant but the interaction between fertilizer rates and landraces on rice yield was not statistically significant. In the second experiment using the landrace Gunda with high rate of fertilizers, basal application of whole amounts of P & K and 50% at planting and topdressing of the remaining 50% N 45 days after planting gave the highest yield (2,928.8 kg ha-1) compared with other fertilizer placement techniques. Landraces differed a little in GHG emission, but fertilizer application accelerated GHG emission. Averaged over landraces, GHG emission was 4.22 times higher with high rates of fertilizer application compared with rice grown without applied fertilizers. More studies are needed for crop yield improvement and GHG measurement in hilly regions of Bangladesh.
Keywords: Shifting cultivation, upland rice, landraces, fertilizer rate and methods, grain yield, GHG emission.
Post Time: 2 years ago
ABSTRACT: This study was aimed to find out the effects of non-genetic factors on semen quality of Black Bengal buck. Accumulated one year’s data on 9 bucks in the nucleus breeding flock of Black Bengal goats were analyzed for the study of production traits. The traits considered were body weight, weight at every week interval and semen characteristics such as volume, sperm concentration, mass motility, sperm livability and normal sperm. Semen parameters were evaluated from bucks collected twice a week by artificial vagina method. The significance of effects on body weight and scrotal circumference were analyzed. The average volume of semen (ml/ejaculate), sperm concentration (109 /ml), mass motility (%), live spermatozoa (%) and normal spermatozoa (%) at 10-15 kg body weight were 0.38, 2.3, 78.2, 85.2 and 85.68 respectively. The average volume of semen (ml/ejaculate), sperm concentration (109 /ml), mass motility (%), live spermatozoa (%) and normal spermatozoa (%) at 15 to above body weight were 0.42, 2.5, 75.4, 84.8 and 85.32 respectively. Body weight of Black Bengal goat had a significant (p<0.05) effect on semen volume and scrotal circumference significantly influenced (p<0.05) all the semen characteristics. Semen volume and sperm concentration increased with scrotal circumference. It is suggested that non-genetic factors should be adopted as a technique for improving the productive traits.
Keywords: Goat, non-genetic, body weight, scrotal circumference, semen
Post Time: 2 years ago
ABSTRACT: Phosphorus (P) plays an important role on yield and yield contributing characters of cowpea. A field experiment was conducted at the Agronomy research field of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University to evaluate the effects of different P levels on yield and yield attributes of cowpea genotypes. Four cowpea genotypes, viz. BARI Felon-1, A-06008, VI046192 and VI034386 were tested under four levels of P viz. 0, 30, 60, 90 kg ha-1. The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. The results indicated that among the cowpea genotypes, the highest plant height (93.08 cm), number of leaves plant-1 (29.75), number of branches plant-1 (6.31), were obtained from BARI Felon-1, while the genotype A-06008 gave the highest number of pods plant-1 (2.62), number of seeds pod-1 (13.46) and grain yield (624.73 kg ha-1). Application of P at 90 kg ha-1 showed the highest number of branches plant-1 (5.70), number of pods plant-1 (1.55), number of seeds pod-1 (12.76) and grain yield (339.28 kg ha-1). In terms of yield, the cowpea genotype A-06008 showed the best performance at a P level of 90 kg ha-1.
Keywords: Genotypes, nutrients, growth performance, seed yield
Post Time: 2 years ago
ABSTRACT: Calcium carbide contains traces of hazardous arsenic and phosphorous. Once dissolved in water, the carbide produces acetylene gas that quickens the ripening process, hence is used for ripening fruits. After ingestion acetylene produces free radicals which initiate detrimental effects on various organs of human body. The aim of the study was to investigate the architectural changes of vital organs in calcium carbide induced Swiss Albino mice and measure the adverse effects of calcium carbide in mice tissues. Twenty-Four (24) mice of 7 days old were bought from the Animal Resource Center, ICDDRB. Mice at 60 days old was randomly used for the experiment and they were divided into four groups: each group consisted of six mice namely group-1 (G1), group-II (G2), group- III (G3) and group-IV (G4), respectively. A concentration of 3g, 8g and 12g/kg body weight of calcium carbide was administered orally once daily for 45 days in each group. Group-I (control group) was supplied with normal foods an ad libitum water. On day 45 following administration of calcium carbide in different important organs (stomach, liver, heart, kidney) were collected from the mice of both control and treated groups to investigate the effect of calcium carbide. The weight of the liver was decreased non-significantly in groups 2 and 3, and increased non-significantly in group G3T2 (2.00±0.1544). The weight of the heart was increased non-significantly (p>0.05) in group G3T2 and G4T3 but decreased in other groups. Histopathological studies were done in different organs and revealed different microscopic lesions. Kidney showed thickening of the lining of the collecting tubules with change in cell structure and also some glomerulus structure in raptured condition. For many years ethylene has been used as a fruit ripening agent. Recently calcium carbide is getting popular in this regard as it has a faster ripening property. It was concluded that the appropriate recommended dose of calcium carbide for ripening fruits has no significant health hazards effect.
Keywords: Cytotoxic effects, calcium carbide, albino mice
Post Time: 2 years ago
ABSTRACT: The abundance and relationship of the arthropod predators with prevailing sucking insect pests, aphid and jassid, were observed on five cotton varieties namely, CB12, CB13, CB14, CB15, and HC1. The studied cotton varieties showed differences in their superficial characteristics but all the varieties harbored the predators namely lady bird beetle, lace wing, syrphid fly and spider. The prevailed predators showed positive correlation with the sucking insects and abundance was significantly the highest on HC1 variety, where the lowest on CB14.
Keywords: Abundance, aphid, jassid, superficial characteristics
Post Time: 2 years ago
ABSTRACT: An experiment was conducted at Lac Research Station at Nachole of Chapainawabganj district during July to October 2017 and 2018 which is kartiki lac crop season to evaluate botanical and biochemicals against two voracious lac predators Eublemma amabilis and Pseudohypatopa pulverea following RCB design. The highest reduction of lac predators, E. amabilis (79.1-80.6)% and P. pulverea (74.8-75.0)% was found when Sprayed with Neem seed extract @ 10g crushed seed/litre of water followed by Azadirachtin (Bio-neem plus 1EC) @ 1.0 ml/ litre of water and Spinosad (Success 2.5 SC) @ 1.2 ml/liter of water. Percent survival of lac insect was increased by applying biopesticides for the control of predators with the highest 28.5 and 29.6% survival at LRS and Nachole respectively, in Neem seed extract treated plants. Yield of lac was increased by 15.4-29% at LRS and 17.4-28.1% at Nachole over untreated control indicating that use of biopesticides successfully reduced the infestation of two dangerous predators in the crop field resulting in increased lac yield and the highest lac yield (6.7 kg/plant at LRS and 6.2 kg/plant at Nachole, respectively) was recorded in Neem seed extract treated plants.
Keywords: Lac, predators, management, insect survival, scrapped lac, lac yield
Post Time: 2 years ago
ABSTRACT: The experiment was conducted in the laboratory of the Department of Entomology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU), Dinajpur during June to October, 2019. The effectiveness of four botanical oils of black cumin (Nigella sativa), sesame (Sesamum indicum), castor (Ricinus communis) and neem (Azadirachta indica) were assayed for toxic and repellent effects against the third instar grub of Epilachna duodecastigma (Wied.) on bitter gourd. The result revealed that all the tested oils had promising insecticidal effect against the grub. However, among the treatments, castor oil performed the highest toxicity of LD50 value as 6.4mg/ ml against the larva after 72 hours exposure. Similarly, castor oil at 10% showed the highest (78.3%) repellency while sesame oil at 2.5% provided the lowest (45.5%) against the grub of epilachna beetle. Based on efficacy, castor oil might be used in integration with other IPM components against the 3rd instar grub of epilachna beetle.
Keywords: Botanical oils, Epilachna duodecastigma, repellency, toxicity
Post Time: 2 years ago
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