Uniting Life, Social, and Natural Sciences in Ecological Exploration
Bridging Borders: International Research, Local Impact
Beyond Theory: Practical Insights and Technical Advancements
Synthesizing Knowledge, Pioneering Tomorrow's Solutions
Strengthening Research Integrity, Fostering Collaboration
ABSTRACT: Salinity is one of the major threats to crop production. It hampers plant growth and development by causing mostly disturbance in water uptake, Na+ and Cl- toxicity, and imbalance in mineral ions in plant cell. Several physiological changes occur as a consequence, such as over production of reactive oxygen substances like peroxide, higher accumulation of toxic ions like Na+ , Cl- and SO4 2-,lowering of absorption of nutrients like K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and P, and decrease in xylem water potential. Seed germination, growth and finally yield of crops are affected. The relatively tolerant crops/varieties of a crop exhibit some physiological tolerance mechanisms like production of antioxidants, various types of protein such as proline, osmoprotectants and phytohormones to combat salt stress effect. Antioxidant enzymes like peroxidase activity increases to defend salt stress, however depending on the cultivars. In this review paper, the effects of salinity on the changes in growth and physiology of different field crops are discussed. The paper also focused on some defensive responses of field crops that adopted to continue their growth under salt stress.
Keywords: Physiological mechanisms, mineral ions, salt stress
Post Time: 2 years ago
ABSTRACT: A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of synthetic amendments on mitigation of negative effects of salinity stress on growth, physiology and yield of some winter pulses. The treatment consisted of four pulses, viz. BARI Masur-4, BARI Khesari-2, BARI Felon-1 and BU Chola-1; and four salinity amendment treatments, viz. control (no salinity or amendment), saline (100 mM NaCl), saline + GA3 , saline + SA. The experiment was designed followed CRD with three replications. Saline treated pots were irrigated with 100 mM NaCl saline solution from 14th days after sowing (DAS) to maturity, and control plants were irrigated with tap water. Synthetic amendments GA3 and SA were applied at 200 and 400 ppm, respectively. The GA3 and SA were sprayed at 7 days interval from the day of salinity imposed up to harvest. Physiological parameters were measured at flowering stage, while growth and yield parameters were recorded at harvest. Results revealed that salinity decreased plant height, dry weight of different plant parts, chlorophyll content and yield but increased leaf proline content of winter pulses. Application of GA3 and SA were found to mitigate the negative effects of salinity stress. Among the synthetic amendments the GA3 @ 200 ppm performed better than SA. Among the pulses studied BARI Felon-1 was more responsive to GA3 under saline condition.
Keywords: GA3 , SA, salinity tolerance, pulse
Post Time: 2 years ago
ABSTRACT: Morphologically abnormal sperm reduces fertilization rates and embryonic development that results infertility. The objective of the study was to evaluate the morphological abnormalities of frozen-thawed bull sperm used for artificial insemination (AI) in Bangladesh. Isotonic formol saline fixed frozen-thawed sperm of local zebu (n=20) and crossbred (n=20) bulls were used in this study. Sperm morphology was determined for at least 200 sperm per bull by differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy with oil immersion optics. Results showed that morphologically normal sperm were lower (p<0.05) in crossbred (74.6±1.8%) than zebu bulls (79.0±2.1%) whereas, abnormal sperms were higher in crossbred (25.5±1.8 %) than zebu bulls (21.0±2.1%). The specific sperm head defects were increased in crossbred than zebu bulls (p<0.05) but mid-piece and tail had no significant defects between crossbred and zebu bulls. Although morphologically abnormal sperms were higher in crossbred bulls, both types of bulls had standard satisfactory level of morphologically normal sperm i.e at least 70% morphologically normal sperm with no more than 20% of head abnormality. Therefore, the quality of frozen semen either from crossbred or zebu bulls distributed by the department of Livestock Services was found suitable to disseminate male germplasm for AI program in Bangladesh.
Keywords: Frozen-thawed sperm, bull, morphology, artificial insemination, Bangladesh
Post Time: 2 years ago
ABSTRACT: The experiment was carried out at the research field of the Department of Agronomy of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur from December 2016 to April 2017 to investigate the effect of phosphorus levels (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg P ha-1) on dry matter partitioning of four cowpea genotypes (BARI Felon-1, A-06008, VI046192 and VI034386). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Among the genotypes tested, the highest leaf dry matter (474.3 g m-2), stem dry matter (370.6 g m-2), and total dry matter (828.7 g m-2) were obtained from BARI Felon-1. The genotype A-06008 contributed to the highest seed dry matter (62.5 g m-2). Application of phosphorus at 90 kg ha-1 contributed to the highest seed dry matter (33.9 g m-2). In terms of leaf (637.3 g m-2) and seed dry matter (68.6 g m-2), the cowpea genotype A-06008 showed the best performance at P @ 90 kg ha-1.
Keywords: Vigna unguiculata, phosphorus, partitioning, total dry matter
Post Time: 2 years ago
ABSTRACT: A study was conducted to evaluate the storage conditions of soybean seeds of different sources, namely formal, i.e. Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation (BADC), private seed traders and farmers’ own preserved seeds. The selected locales of the farmers sources were i) Laxmipur, ii) Noakhali, ii) Sariatpur, iii) Chandpur, iv) Bhola, and vii) Barisal districts, that of the private seed traders were i) Thakurgaon, ii) Natore, iii) Laxmipur, and iv) Chandpur districts, and of BADC seed processing centers were i) Meherpur, ii) Feni, iii) Pabna (Tebunia) and iv) Faridpur districts. The results revealed that most of the farmers (58.33) stored seeds of their own crop or obtained through farmer to farmer seed exchange, while 28.33% farmers used private seed traders’ seed. Only 13.34% farmers used BADC produced seeds. The study also indicated that 64% farmers stored their seeds in containers like jute bags, earthen pots and local made tin containers. Few farmers (36%) used comparatively better moisture proof plastic bags for the storage. Unlike farmers, private seed dealers used 90% airtight plastic bags and 10% plastic coated jute bags. BADC primarily used modern humidity and temperature controlled storage for bulk seed storage, followed by storage in moisture proof small plastic bags to sell seed to farmers through local seed dealer. The study further revealed that 90% of the farmers, having 1-5 years of soybean farming experience, stored their seeds in containers like jute bags, earthen pots and locally made tin containers, while 75% of them, having 6-10 years of soybean cultivation experiences used the containers that were not properly moisture proof, e.g. tin containers and perforated jute bags. Ninety percent of the farmers having 11-15 years of cultivation experience stored their seeds in airtight containers like plastic bags and plastic coated jute bags. It was also observed that farmers trained by extension people regarding seed preservation did not use perforated jute bags or earthen pots for seed storage. Therefore, training on seed preservation helped the farmers to realize that storing soybean seeds in airtight condition would increase the plant establishment during crop cultivation.
Keywords: Soybean, store, seeds, farmers
Post Time: 2 years ago
ABSTRACT: The present study was undertaken on a total of 320 cattle to determine the prevalence and effective therapeutic protocol of bovine dermatophilosis in the Dinajpur district during the period from June 2016 to July 2017. The disease was diagnosed by visual inspection of the body surface and confirmed by identification of the causal agent in the laboratory from collected crusts, skin scraping of the patients. A total of 48 affected cattle were allocated into four different treatment groups, named as Group-A: treated with procaine penicillin and benzylpenicillin, Group-B: treated with combined procaine penicillin, benzylpenicillin and streptomycin sulfate, Group-C: treated with oxytetracycline and Group-D: untreated and considered as control. Higher prevalence was recorded in young (20.83%), indigenous (16.21%) and rural household (14.55%) cattle. The summer season had a significant (p<0.05) influence on the prevalence (18.33%) of bovine dermatophilosis. Treatment with combined procaine penicillin, benzylpenicillin and streptomycin sulfate @ 1ml/20 kg body weight IM once daily for 7 days was found to be more effective than the others. It was concluded that dermatophilosis is a highly prevalent disease in Dinajpur and combined procaine penicillin, benzylpenicillin and streptomycin sulfate may be practiced in field conditions for better treatment.
Keywords: Dermatophilosis; prevalence; cattle; therapeutic response
Post Time: 2 years ago
ABSTRACT: This study was performed to investigate the prevalence of various diseases in poultry based on species, breed, sex and age in Gazipur district. The experimental data were recorded throughout the study period from January 2018 to March 2020. A total of 560 diseased and dead poultry (279 layer, 194 broilers, 77 sonali and 10 ducks) were considered in this study. The prevalence of diseases was investigated by the clinical signs, gross lesions in different organs and histopathological changes of different tissues. The prevalence of bacterial and viral diseases in different types of poultry was 38.2% and 27.1%, respectively. Among the different types of poultry, the highest prevalence of diseases (49.8%) was found in layer chicken. The prevalence of diseases in broiler, sonali chickens and ducks were 34.6%, 13.8% and 1.8%, respectively. In layer chickens, salmonellosis was found as most prevalent (21.5%) followed by colibacillosis (9.0%) and Newcastle disease (ND) (9.0%). In broiler and sonali chickens, salmonellosis (20.6% and 20.8%) was the most prevalent disease followed by infectious bursal disease (IBD) (17.0% and 10.4%) and colibacillosis (11.9% and 11.7%). However, duck plague (40%) was found as the most prevalent disease in ducks. Among the viral diseases, IBD was found as the most prevalent (11.3%). On the other hand, salmonellosis was the highest prevalent disease constituting 18.4% of all bacterial diseases.
Keywords: Retrospective study, prevalence, poultry diseases, Gazipur
Post Time: 2 years ago
ABSTRACT: Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.var. capitata) is usually infested by aphid and diamond back moth, which damage the leaves, heads and whole cabbage plant. This study assessed the dose dependent efficacy of four botanicals (Jute seeds, Corchours capsularis L; Water Gourd Leaves, Lagenaria siceraria; Lemon outer shell, Citrus limon and Turmeric leaves, Curcuma longa) to control the aphid and diamond back moth in experimental cabbage (variety Sakata F1 Hybrid Atlas 70) field during November 2019–February 2020. About 21.9% and 13.9% reduced number of aphids were found with Water gourd leaves at 5% and 10% concentrations, respectively. A high number of aphids were observed in 5% Turmeric leaves treatment. Jute seed treatments (2.5%, 5.0% and 10.0%) were found very effective against diamond back moth and protect 100% the cabbage plant from this insect. However, 10% Jute seed extract was found phyto-toxic to cabbage that deformed the leaves and stunted the plant growth, resulting 27.32% yield loss over control. Out of 13 treatments, higher yield over control was found only in five treatments (2.5% jute seed, 10% Water gourd leaves, 10% Lemon outer shell, 2.5% Turmeric leaves and 5% Turmeric leaves).
Keywords: Aphid, botanicals, cabbage, diamond back moth
Post Time: 2 years ago
ABSTRACT: A study was conducted at different locations of Dinajpur district, namely Kornai, Noshipur, Bangibachar hat, Vagobanpur from July/2017 to June/2018 to observe the effect of season on reproductive performance of Black Bengal goat. Average birth weight, gestation length, age at first kidding and weight at first kidding of Black Bengal goat were 0.94, 1.05 and 1.05 kg, 142.9, 143.2 and 145.6 days, 369.82, 371.92 and 366.02 days and 9.34, 9.33 and 7.79 kg, in summer, rainy and winter season, respectively. There was significant (p < 0.05) effect on birth weight, gestation length, age at first kidding, weight at first kidding and highly significant (p < 0.01) effect on kidding interval of Black Bengal goat. Average kidding interval at summer, rainy and winter season were 186.97, 184.3 and 190.48 days, respectively and at 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th parity were 187.19, 189.32, 186.13 and 184.99 days, respectively. Average litter size at 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th parity were 1.53, 1.83, 1.97, and 2.17, respectively. There was highly significant (p < 0.01) effect on litter size of Black Bengal goat. It can be concluded that better reproductive performance was evident in rainy season and fourth parity than the other seasons.
Keywords: Goat, birth weight, litter size, gestation, lactation, season
Post Time: 2 years ago
ABSTRACT: Abundance of mustard aphid Lipaphis erysimi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and its relationship with the maximum and minimum temperatures, relative humidity, and predator insects specially lady bird beetle, yellow jacket and syrphid fly were studied on mustard varieties namely BARI Shorisa 13, BARI Shorisa 14, BARI Shorisa 15, BARI Shorisa 16 and BARI Shorisa 17 from November 2018 to February 2019 at Gazipur in Bangladesh. The findings showed that the aphids started to increase their population from 28 November, gradually increasing and reaching its peak on 09 January, and then declining. BARI Shorisa 13 and BARI Shorisa 14 revealed the highest and lowest abundanctes of aphid, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that weather variables collectively predicted 72.0% to 78.1% incidences of aphid on the mustard varieties. Aphid populations on BARI Shorisa 14 was negatively correlated with the abundance of yellow jacket and positively correlated with the abundance of syrphid fly on that variety. Multiple regression equations showed that the collective effect of the predators ranged from 12.5 to 99.1%, but the equations were insignificant.
Keywords: Brassica campestris, Lipaphis erysimi, lady bird beetle, lacewing, yellow jacket, syrphid fly
Post Time: 2 years ago
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